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Chinese researchers develop new lithium battery withstanding - 40 C with both long endurance and explosive strength_我的网站

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    Different types of consumer lithium primary batteries on display Photo: VCGChinese researchers have developed a new high-energy lithium primary battery that can deliver both long-lasting energy and strong bursts of power while maintaining stable performance at temperatures as low as -40 C, Science and Technology Daily reported on Monday.
A research team led by Chen Zhongwei at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a 25-ampere-hour pouch-type lithium-metal primary battery. Tests conducted by the safety laboratory of the China Electronics Standardization Institute showed that the battery achieved an energy density of more than 750 Watt-hour per kilogram at a low discharge rate, according to the report.
Meanwhile its discharge rate can be increased by up to 100 times, enabling short bursts of high-current discharge at 10C. The "C" stands for C-rate, which is the charge and discharge rates of a battery. According to sector website Battery University, the capacity of a battery is commonly rated at 1C, meaning that a fully charged battery rated at 1Ah should provide 1A for one hour. The same battery discharging at 0.5C should provide 500mA for two hours, and at 2C it delivers 2A for 30 minutes. 
The new battery puts China among the world's leading players in high-power primary battery technology.
Primary batteries offer high specific energy, long storage times and instant readiness, allowing them to be used immediately even after long storage. 
Primaries play an important role, especially when charging is impractical or impossible, such as in military combat, rescue missions and forest-fire services, the article said. 
Traditional lithium primary batteries can store large amounts of energy for long periods, but their ability to rapidly release that energy can be limited. The new battery is designed to combine high energy density with high power output, allowing it to both operate for extended periods and provide large amounts of power when needed.
The battery can deliver short bursts of high-current discharge at up to 10C and sustain discharge at 4C. At room temperature, its specific power reaches 4,487 Watts per kilogram, according to Science and Technology Daily.
The battery also maintains strong performance under extremely cold conditions. At -40 C, the battery retains an energy density of 447 Watt-hour per kilogram at a 1C discharge rate. Its annual self-discharge rate is below 1 percent, meaning that it loses relatively little stored energy during long periods of standby.
Such characteristics could make the battery suitable for equipment that needs both long-term energy storage and sudden high-power output, including drones, robots, spacecraft and sensors deployed in remote areas.
Chen said the team achieved a breakthrough in cathode materials by developing a high-entropy oxide material and has established a pilot production line with an annual capacity of 10 tons, linking material development with battery-cell production.
The battery has passed third-party testing and is now undergoing further validation for applications including drones, robots, spaceflight simulators and field sensor nodes, according to Chen.
Global Times 
。     8 月 26 日消息，科技媒体 Windows Latest 昨日（8 月 25 日）发布“数码考古”博文，回顾了微软首款智能手机，于 2002 年 10 月 28 日在英国发布的 Orange SPV，比苹果初代 iPhone 亮相（2007 年）早约 5 年时间。该媒体指出在安卓和苹果 iOS 主导移动市场之前，微软曾在移动软件领域占据明显优势。微软自 20 世纪 90 年代末起，微软把 Windows CE（Windows 嵌入式操作系统）打造为高度模块化的系统。它能够运行在多种硬件架构上，硬件厂商也能根据不同设备深度定制系统。援引博文介绍，Windows CE 的应用范围十分广泛。1998 年的 AutoPC（车载电脑系统）将其用于汽车；世嘉 Dreamcast 游戏机也采用过 Windows CE；此外，它还运行在无屏幕的嵌入式控制系统和手机中。21 世纪初，美国消费者通常从所选运营商处购买手机。运营商往往为手机提供补贴，并控制设备的品牌、软件定制和使用方式。微软此前也曾尝试为其他厂商的手机提供软件。

B | 例如，微软在 2000 年短暂推动过将 Internet Explorer（互联网浏览器）装入索尼手机的项目。

C | 图源：Windows Mobile 网站在苹果发布 iPhone 前 5 年，微软与法国和英国通信运营商 Orange 推出 Orange SPV。这款手机基于 Windows CE 打造，预装 Smartphone 2002 系统。

D | 微软首款智能手机 ——Orange SPVOrange SPV 采用 HTC“Canary”硬件，运行代号为“Stinger”的软件，深度整合微软 Exchange Server（企业邮件与协作服务器），可处理邮件、日历和联系人信息。当时，Exchange Server 正逐渐成为企业默认的商务邮件系统，因此 Orange SPV 在商务移动通信方面具备较强竞争力。Orange SPV 发布前 6 个月，微软与英国另一家运营商 O2 推出 O2 XDA。

E | 这款设备属于 Pocket PC，但内置无线通信功能，也能充当手机使用。它搭载“Pocket PC Phone Edition”软件，成为首款“Pocket PC Phone”，也是微软首款配备大屏幕和内置移动通信功能的设备。O2 XDA，首款“掌上电脑手机”，也是微软首款内置移动连接功能的大屏幕设备。Orange SPV 和 O2 XDA 在当时都具备较强能力，部分设计甚至领先市场。熟悉个人电脑的用户可以借助手写笔操作 XDA，并在口袋中运行 Excel。不过，设备的移动网络速度十分有限。

F | HTC UniversalOrange SPV M5000 采用 HTC Universal 硬件，是首款支持 3G 的 Pocket PC。它拥有可折叠、可旋转的翻盖结构、电阻式触摸屏、3G/UMTS 连接能力和前置摄像头，可用于视频通话。

G | Orange SPV M5000，又名“UTC Universal”，是第一款 3G 掌上电脑，重量为 280 克。到 2005 年，采用直板设计的 Windows Mobile 智能手机逐渐成熟，HTC Typhoon，也就是 Orange SPV C500，被视为这一产品路线的高点。

H | HTC Typhoon。

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